Examining the Impact of Misinformation, Disinformation and Propaganda on National Security: A Comparative Study of Select Countries
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Abstract
The growing spread of misinformation, disinformation, and propaganda presents serious challenges to national security in today’s digital age. This study investigated how these forms of information manipulation undermine public trust, disrupt democratic processes, and expose countries to both internal and external threats. The research aims to examine the role of false or misleading information in shaping security vulnerabilities and to compare its impact across different national contexts. Drawing on existing literature, reports, and case studies, the study employs the library research method to analyse patterns of information warfare, including election interference, cyber-enabled influence campaigns, and the polarization of public opinion. The findings reveal that both state and non-state actors strategically deploy propaganda and deceptive content to weaken social cohesion and exploit political divisions. While the degree of impact varies depending on each country’s political and media systems, the consequences are consistently damaging, ranging from civil unrest to weakened institutional authority. The study concludes that building national resilience against such threats requires a multi-faceted response, including improved media literacy, stronger cyber defenses, and coordinated international efforts. These strategies are essential for safeguarding national security in a globally connected information environment.
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